hard

[hɑːd] 1.

aggettivo

1) (firm) [consistency, object] duro; [skin, paint, mud] indurito

to go o grow o become hard — indurirsi

2) (difficult) [problem, question] difficile, complesso; [choice, decision] difficile, sofferto; (demanding) [task, training] duro, arduo; [study] impegnativo; [fight] duro, accanito

I've had a hard day — ho avuto una giornata dura

to be hard to open, find — essere difficile da aprire, da trovare

he's hard to please — è difficile da accontentare, è molto esigente

his choice was hard for me to understand — fu difficile per me comprendere la sua scelta

to find it hard to do sth. — avere difficoltà a fare qcs.

it's hard to accept, believe — è difficile accettare, credere (that che)

I'm not afraid of hard work — il lavoro duro o la fatica non mi spaventa

it was hard work (doing) — è stata dura (fare)

to be a hard worker — [student] essere uno sgobbone; [worker] essere un gran lavoratore

to do things the hard way — complicarsi la vita

to find sth. out o learn sth. the hard way — imparare qcs. a proprie spese

3) (harsh) [life, year, time] difficile; [blow] duro, brutto; [climate, winter] rigido

to be hard on sb. — essere duro, severo con qcn.

this tax is very hard on the unemployed — questa tassa grava molto sui disoccupati

hard luck o lines! BE colloq. (sympathetic) che sfortuna! (unsympathetic) tanto peggio! to take a hard line seguire la linea dura (on sth. in qcs.); it's a hard life! scherz. iron. dura la vita! to fall on hard times cadere in miseria, andare a finire male; to give sb. a hard time — colloq. (make things difficult) rendere la vita difficile a qcn.; (tell off) dare una lavata di capo a qcn

4) (stern) [person] severo; [look] arcigno; [voice, words] duro, aspro; [heart] duro, di pietra

5) (forceful) [push, knock] forte, violento

6) (concrete) [evidence] concreto; [news] certo, fondato

the hard facts about sth. — la verità nuda e cruda su qcs

7) (stark) [colour, sound, light] forte, violento

8) (strong) [liquor] forte; [drug] pesante; [pornography] hard

to be a hard drinker — essere un forte bevitore

9) pol.

the hard left, right — l'estrema sinistra, destra

10) chim. [water] duro

11) ling. [consonant] duro

12) colloq. (tough)

so you think you're hard, do you? — credi di essere un duro, vero?

13) econ. [currency] forte

2.

avverbio

1) [push, laugh] forte; [work] duro, sodo; [study] molto, sodo; [rain] forte, a dirotto; [snow] fitto; [look] intensamente; [listen] attentamente

to be hard hit — fig. essere duramente colpito

think hard! — pensaci bene!

to try hard — sforzarsi

no matter how hard I try, I... — per quanto ci provi, io...

to be hard at it — colloq. o

at work — darci dentro o lavorare sodo

to take sth. (very) hard — prendere (molto) male qcs

2) (with directions)

turn hard left at the traffic lights — al semaforo giri tutto a sinistra

3) (indicating proximity)

hard behind — subito o immediatamente dietro

••

to play hard to get — fare il prezioso, farsi desiderare

to be hard put to do — trovarsi in grande difficoltà a fare

to be, feel hard done by — essere, sentirsi trattato male

* * *

1. adjective

1) (firm; solid; not easy to break, scratch etc: The ground is too hard to dig.) duro

2) (not easy to do, learn, solve etc: Is English a hard language to learn?; He is a hard man to please.) difficile

3) (not feeling or showing kindness: a hard master.) duro

4) ((of weather) severe: a hard winter.) duro, rigido

5) (having or causing suffering: a hard life; hard times.) difficile, duro

6) ((of water) containing many chemical salts and so not easily forming bubbles when soap is added: The water is hard in this part of the country.) duro

2. adverb

1) (with great effort: He works very hard; Think hard.) sodo; attentamente

2) (with great force; heavily: Don't hit him too hard; It was raining hard.) forte

3) (with great attention: He stared hard at the man.) intensamente

4) (to the full extent; completely: The car turned hard right.) totalmente

•

- harden

- hardness
- hardship
- hard-and-fast
- hard-back
- hard-boiled
- harddisk
- hard-earned
- hard-headed
- hard-hearted
- hardware
- hard-wearing
- be hard on
- hard at it
- hard done by
- hard lines/luck
- hard of hearing
- a hard time of it
- a hard time
- hard up

* * *

[hɑːd] 1.

aggettivo

1) (firm) [consistency, object] duro; [skin, paint, mud] indurito

to go o grow o become hard — indurirsi

2) (difficult) [problem, question] difficile, complesso; [choice, decision] difficile, sofferto; (demanding) [task, training] duro, arduo; [study] impegnativo; [fight] duro, accanito

I've had a hard day — ho avuto una giornata dura

to be hard to open, find — essere difficile da aprire, da trovare

he's hard to please — è difficile da accontentare, è molto esigente

his choice was hard for me to understand — fu difficile per me comprendere la sua scelta

to find it hard to do sth. — avere difficoltà a fare qcs.

it's hard to accept, believe — è difficile accettare, credere (that che)

I'm not afraid of hard work — il lavoro duro o la fatica non mi spaventa

it was hard work (doing) — è stata dura (fare)

to be a hard worker — [student] essere uno sgobbone; [worker] essere un gran lavoratore

to do things the hard way — complicarsi la vita

to find sth. out o learn sth. the hard way — imparare qcs. a proprie spese

3) (harsh) [life, year, time] difficile; [blow] duro, brutto; [climate, winter] rigido

to be hard on sb. — essere duro, severo con qcn.

this tax is very hard on the unemployed — questa tassa grava molto sui disoccupati

hard luck o lines! BE colloq. (sympathetic) che sfortuna! (unsympathetic) tanto peggio! to take a hard line seguire la linea dura (on sth. in qcs.); it's a hard life! scherz. iron. dura la vita! to fall on hard times cadere in miseria, andare a finire male; to give sb. a hard time — colloq. (make things difficult) rendere la vita difficile a qcn.; (tell off) dare una lavata di capo a qcn

4) (stern) [person] severo; [look] arcigno; [voice, words] duro, aspro; [heart] duro, di pietra

5) (forceful) [push, knock] forte, violento

6) (concrete) [evidence] concreto; [news] certo, fondato

the hard facts about sth. — la verità nuda e cruda su qcs

7) (stark) [colour, sound, light] forte, violento

8) (strong) [liquor] forte; [drug] pesante; [pornography] hard

to be a hard drinker — essere un forte bevitore

9) pol.

the hard left, right — l'estrema sinistra, destra

10) chim. [water] duro

11) ling. [consonant] duro

12) colloq. (tough)

so you think you're hard, do you? — credi di essere un duro, vero?

13) econ. [currency] forte

2.

avverbio

1) [push, laugh] forte; [work] duro, sodo; [study] molto, sodo; [rain] forte, a dirotto; [snow] fitto; [look] intensamente; [listen] attentamente

to be hard hit — fig. essere duramente colpito

think hard! — pensaci bene!

to try hard — sforzarsi

no matter how hard I try, I... — per quanto ci provi, io...

to be hard at it — colloq. o

at work — darci dentro o lavorare sodo

to take sth. (very) hard — prendere (molto) male qcs

2) (with directions)

turn hard left at the traffic lights — al semaforo giri tutto a sinistra

3) (indicating proximity)

hard behind — subito o immediatamente dietro

••

to play hard to get — fare il prezioso, farsi desiderare

to be hard put to do — trovarsi in grande difficoltà a fare

to be, feel hard done by — essere, sentirsi trattato male